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Viewer Question: Which voice should I use when I write my family history?
I want to share my family history, but I also want to write a commentary on that family history. Should I write solidly in the third person, or should I switch between first-person and third-person?
What a GREAT question for a family history writer. The first reason is that there is a specific task associated with the question. Otherwise, the answer would be ‘it depends.’ Let’s dissect a few things and then provide the advice appropriate for this situation.
Voice in writing can have two meanings. The first is the sentence structure to be either passive or active. The second deals with a story’s narrator and which perspective they use.
Active vs. Passive Voice
The short answer is to use an active voice as often as possible. For some of us, this isn't easy to do when writing in the past. In fact, when an editor reviews the rough drafts of my narratives for ancestors, passive voice is my number one nemesis.
Here’s an example of passive voice.
Genealogists know that the graveyards have rich genealogical details waiting to be unearthed.
Here’s an example of an active voice.
Genealogists may unearth rich genealogical details that await in graveyards.
The word ‘unearthed’ provides the action to the genealogist who does the digging. In the second sentence, the research is actively discovering details in the graveyard.
Narrator’s Voice
Generally, people want to know if they should write in First Person, Third Person, or Third Person Omniscient when writing a family story. (There are three other narrative styles, but they rarely apply to historical writing.)
Quickly stated, the three narrative voices are:
First Person: The narrator tells the story and uses the pronoun I. Often used in memoir writing, “I recall…” or “I felt…”
Third Person: The narrator reports on one individual's actions but does not have access to their thoughts. Uses the pronoun “he,” “she” when talking about the central person in the story.
Third Person Omniscient: All-knowing narrator can follow one or more individuals in the story and access their thoughts and actions.
There is a new-to-me narrative style that I discovered on the Now Novel website. That is of the Observer-Narrator. This can use first or third person pronouns but is a witness in the story retelling. So, the witness can follow multiple characters but does not have access to their thoughts.
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Which Voice Should You Use When Writing Family History?
In this reader’s question, they want to share family stories and then add commentary. They’re not asking so much about active vs. passive but rather the narrator’s point of view. In this situation, they are writing as an Observer-Narrator.
Using this perspective, the writer can add their commentary using the personal pronouns “I.” This allows for their thoughts, impressions, and explanations regarding the ancestor's choices and actions they are writing about. When the writer refers to the ancestor or the individuals that interact with this relative, they’ll use the third person pronouns of “he,” “she,” “they,” etc.
The challenge is if the narrator wants to use the pronoun “we,” which can confuse a reader. Did the writer mean “we,” which includes the author and additional living relations in the present-day, or did the author mean “we,” which involves the relative from the past and the author at that time? Or does “we” mean something else?
Be very careful if you choose to write a family history that includes commentary when you encounter a ‘we’ situation.
Does It Meet The Genealogy Writing Standards?
This Observer-Narrator format might break down in genealogical writing if you’re a high-stickler against putting any bias upon a past person or event. There is the potentiality that your writing will incorrectly alter the perception people have about what is a fact, opinion, or opinion.
I often don’t recommend inventing dialog for your relatives when you’ve never heard them speak or have no audio recording of them. When you do, you create a character sketch that might not be accurate.
You make the relative more educated, opinionated, or even racist than they really were. So, I continue to recommend against inventing dialog.
However, if you’re up to the challenge of writing and adding commentary, then feel free to do it within your writing from the Observer-Narrator perspective.
Write Family Histories in the Limited Narrator Voice
The narrative style is challenging, so I write family histories in the third person limited narrator voice. When you wish to add commentary, create a footnote or endnote that provides that additional insight without inserting itself into your story.
Think of this strategy as a literary critique. Reflect on high school or college English reading assignments such as Jane Eyre or Beowulf.
Often a professor or teacher will assign the book with footnotes and critiques to help you better understand the terms, philosophy, or other analysis of the works. That’s how you could write a commentary on your family history projects.
Which Voice Do You Use for Family Histories?
Which voice are you using to write your family histories? Why did you choose it? What are the challenges? I’d love to hear from you.